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<section id="accessing-nextcloud-files-using-webdav">
<h1>Accessing Nextcloud files using WebDAV<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-nextcloud-files-using-webdav" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Nextcloud fully supports the WebDAV protocol, and you can connect and synchronize
with Nextcloud Files over WebDAV. In this chapter, you will learn how to
connect Linux, macOS, Windows, and mobile devices to your Nextcloud server.</p>
<p>WebDAV stands for Distributed Authoring and Versioning. It is an HTTP extension
that makes it easy to create, read, and edit files hosted on remote Web servers. With
a WebDAV, client you can access your Nextcloud Files (including shares) on Linux,
macOS and Windows in a similar way as any remote network share, and stay synchronized.</p>
<p>Before we get into configuring WebDAV, let’s take a quick look at the
recommended way of connecting client devices to Nextcloud.</p>
<section id="official-nextcloud-desktop-and-mobile-clients">
<h2>Official Nextcloud desktop and mobile clients<a class="headerlink" href="#official-nextcloud-desktop-and-mobile-clients" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The recommended way to synchronize a computer with a Nextcloud server is by
using the <a class="reference external" href="https://nextcloud.com/install/#install-clients">official Nextcloud sync clients</a>.
You can configure the client to save files in any local directory and you can choose which
directories on the Nextcloud server to sync with. The client displays the
current connection status and logs all activity, so you always know which
remote files have been downloaded to your PC and you can verify that files
created and updated on your local PC are properly synchronized with the server.</p>
<p>The recommended way to synchronize Android and Apple iOS devices is by using
the <a class="reference external" href="https://nextcloud.com/install/">official Nextcloud mobile apps</a>.</p>
<p>To connect the official Nextcloud apps to a Nextcloud server use the
same URL you use to access Nextcloud from your web browser - e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">cloud</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span>
<span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">cloud</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">Nextcloud</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">installed</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">subdirectory</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="third-party-webdav-clients">
<h2>Third-party WebDAV clients<a class="headerlink" href="#third-party-webdav-clients" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>If you prefer, you may also connect your computer to your Nextcloud server by
using any third-party client that supports the WebDAV protocol (including what may be
built into your operating system).</p>
<p>You can also use third-party WebDAV capable apps to connect your mobile
device to Nextcloud.</p>
<p>When using third-party clients, keep in mind that they may not be optimized for use with
Nextcloud or implement capabilities you consider important to your use case.</p>
<p>Mobile clients that Nextcloud community members have reported using include:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://foldersync.io/">FolderSync (Android)</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/webdav-navigator/id382551345">WebDAV Navigator (iPhone)</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>The URL to use when configuring third-party apps to connect to Nextcloud is a bit lengthier than the one for official clients:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">cloud</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">cloud</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">Nextcloud</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">installed</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">subdirectory</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>When using a third-party WebDAV client (including your operating system’s
built-in client), you should use an application password for login rather than your
regular password. In addition improved security, this <cite>increases performance significantly
&lt;https://github.com/nextcloud/server/issues/32729#issuecomment-1556667151&gt;_</cite>. To
configure an application password, log into the Nextcloud Web interface, click on the avatar
in the top right and choose <em>Personal settings</em>. Then choose <em>Security</em> in the left
sidebar and scroll to the very bottom. There you can create an app password (which can
also be revoked in the future without changing your main user password).</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>In the following examples, you should replace <strong>example.com/nextcloud</strong> with the
URL of your Nextcloud server (omit the directory part if the installation is
in the root of your domain), and <strong>USERNAME</strong> with the username of the connecting user.</p>
<p>See the WebDAV URL (bottom left in settings) on your Nextcloud.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-using-linux">
<h2>Accessing files using Linux<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-using-linux" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can access files in Linux operating systems using the following methods.</p>
<section id="nautilus-file-manager">
<h3>Nautilus file manager<a class="headerlink" href="#nautilus-file-manager" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p><strong>When you configure your Nextcloud account in the</strong> <a class="reference external" href="../groupware/sync_gnome.html">GNOME Control Center</a>, <strong>your files will automatically be mounted
by Nautilus as a WebDAV share, unless you deselect file access</strong>.</p>
<p>You can also mount your Nextcloud files manually. Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">davs://</span></code>
protocol to connect the Nautilus file manager to your Nextcloud
share:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">davs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If your server connection is not HTTPS-secured, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dav://</span></code> instead
of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">davs://</span></code>:</p>
</div>
<img alt="Screenshot of configuring Nautilus file manager to use WebDAV" src="../_images/webdav_gnome3_nautilus.png" />
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The same method works for other file managers that use GVFS,
such as MATE’s Caja and Cinnamon’s Nemo.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-with-kde-and-dolphin-file-manager">
<h3>Accessing files with KDE and Dolphin file manager<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-with-kde-and-dolphin-file-manager" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>To access your Nextcloud files using the Dolphin file manager in KDE, use
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webdav://</span></code> protocol:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">webdav</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="Screenshot of configuring Dolphin file manager to use WebDAV" src="../_images/webdav_dolphin.png" />
<p>You can create a permanent link to your Nextcloud server:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Open Dolphin and click “Network” in the left-hand “Places” column.</p></li>
<li><p>Click on the icon labeled <strong>Add a Network Folder</strong>.
The resulting dialog should appear with WebDAV already selected.</p></li>
<li><p>If WebDAV is not selected, select it.</p></li>
<li><p>Click <strong>Next</strong>.</p></li>
<li><p>Enter the following settings:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Name: the name you want to see in the <strong>Places</strong> bookmark, for example, Nextcloud.</p></li>
<li><p>User: the Nextcloud username you used to log in, for example, admin.</p></li>
<li><p>Server: the Nextcloud domain name, for example, <strong>example.com</strong> (without
<strong>http://</strong> before or directories afterwards).</p></li>
<li><p>Folder – Enter the path <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/</span></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>(Optional) Check the “Create icon” checkbox for a bookmark to appear in the
Places column.</p></li>
<li><p>(Optional) Provide any special settings or an SSL certificate in the “Port &amp;
Encrypted” checkbox.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="creating-webdav-mounts-on-the-linux-command-line">
<h2>Creating WebDAV mounts on the Linux command line<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-webdav-mounts-on-the-linux-command-line" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can create WebDAV mounts from the Linux command line. This is useful if you
prefer to access Nextcloud the same way as any other remote filesystem mount.
The following example shows how to create a personal mount and have it mounted
automatically every time you log in to your Linux computer.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Install the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">davfs2</span></code> WebDAV filesystem driver, which allows you to mount
WebDAV shares just like any other remote filesystem. Use this command to
install it on Debian/Ubuntu:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">apt</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">get</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">davfs2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Use this command to install it on CentOS, Fedora, and openSUSE:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">yum</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">davfs2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Add yourself to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">davfs2</span></code> group:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">usermod</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">aG</span> <span class="n">davfs2</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Then create a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nextcloud</span></code> directory in your home directory for the
mount point, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.davfs2/</span></code> for your personal configuration file:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mkdir</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span>
<span class="n">mkdir</span> <span class="o">~/.</span><span class="n">davfs2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Copy <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/davfs2/secrets</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.davfs2</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cp</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">davfs2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secrets</span> <span class="o">~/.</span><span class="n">davfs2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secrets</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Set yourself as the owner and make the permissions read-write owner only:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">chown</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">linux_username</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">linux_username</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">~/.</span><span class="n">davfs2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secrets</span>
<span class="n">chmod</span> <span class="mi">600</span> <span class="o">~/.</span><span class="n">davfs2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">secrets</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Add your Nextcloud login credentials to the end of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">secrets</span></code> file,
using your Nextcloud server URL and your Nextcloud username and password:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/ &lt;username&gt; &lt;password&gt;
or
$PathToMountPoint $USERNAME $PASSWORD
for example
/home/user/nextcloud john 1234
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Add the mount information to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/fstab</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">home</span><span class="o">/&lt;</span><span class="n">linux_username</span><span class="o">&gt;/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span> <span class="n">davfs</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">rw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">auto</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>Then test that it mounts and authenticates by running the following
command. If you set it up correctly you won’t need root permissions:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mount</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>You should also be able to unmount it:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">umount</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Now every time you login to your Linux system your Nextcloud share should
automatically mount via WebDAV in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/nextcloud</span></code> directory. If you prefer
to mount it manually, change <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auto</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">noauto</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/fstab</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="known-issues">
<h2>Known issues<a class="headerlink" href="#known-issues" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<section id="problem">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#problem" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Resource temporarily unavailable</p>
</section>
<section id="solution">
<h3>Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#solution" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you experience trouble when you create a file in the directory,
edit <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf</span></code> and add:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">use_locks</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="id1">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Certificate warnings</p>
</section>
<section id="id2">
<h3>Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you use a self-signed certificate, you will get a warning. To
change this, you need to configure <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">davfs2</span></code> to recognize your certificate.
Copy <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mycertificate.pem</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/davfs2/certs/</span></code>. Then edit
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf</span></code> and uncomment the line <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">servercert</span></code>. Now add the
path of your certificate as in this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">servercert</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">etc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">davfs2</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">certs</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">mycertificate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pem</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-using-macos">
<h2>Accessing files using macOS<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-using-macos" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The macOS Finder suffers from a <a class="reference external" href="http://sabre.io/dav/clients/finder/">series of implementation problems</a> and should only be used if the Nextcloud server runs on <strong>Apache</strong> and <strong>mod_php</strong>, or <strong>Nginx 1.3.8+</strong>. Alternative macOS-compatible clients capable of accessing WebDAV shares include open source apps like <a class="reference external" href="https://cyberduck.io/">Cyberduck</a> (see instructions <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/user_manual/files/access_webdav.html#accessing-files-using-cyberduck">here</a>) and <a class="reference external" href="https://filezilla-project.org">Filezilla</a>. Commercial clients include <a class="reference external" href="https://mountainduck.io/">Mountain Duck</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://binarynights.com/">Forklift</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://panic.com/">Transmit</a>, and <a class="reference external" href="https://mac.eltima.com/">Commander One</a>.</p>
</div>
<p>To access files through the macOS Finder:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>From the Finder’s top menu bar, choose <strong>Go &gt; Connect to Server…</strong>:</p>
<img alt="Screenshot of entering your Nextcloud server address on macOS" src="../_images/osx_webdav1.png" />
</li>
<li><p>When the <strong>Connect to Server…</strong> window opens, enter your Nextcloud server’s WebDAV address in the <strong>Server Address:</strong> field, i.e.:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">cloud</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">YOURDOMAIN</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<img alt="Screenshot: Enter Nextcloud server address in &quot;Connect to Server…&quot; dialog box" src="../_images/osx_webdav2.png" />
</li>
<li><p>Click <strong>Connect</strong>. Your WebDAV server should appear on the Desktop as a shared disk drive.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-using-microsoft-windows">
<h2>Accessing files using Microsoft Windows<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-using-microsoft-windows" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>If you use the native Windows implementation of WebDAV, you can map Nextcloud to a new
drive using Windows Explorer. Mapping to a drive enables you to browse files stored on a
Nextcloud server the way you would browse files stored in a mapped network drive.</p>
<p>Using this feature requires network connectivity. If you want to store your
files offline, use the Desktop Client to sync all files on your
Nextcloud to one or more directories of your local hard drive.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Windows 10 now defaults to allow Basic Authentication if HTTPS is enabled before mapping your drive.</p>
<p>On older versions of Windows, you must permit the use of Basic Authentication in the Windows Registry:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>launch <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">regedit</span></code> and navigate to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Create or edit the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BasicAuthLevel</span></code> (Windows Vista, 7 and 8), or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UseBasicAuth</span></code> (Windows XP and Windows Server 2003), <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DWORD</span></code> value and set its value data to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> for SSL connections.
A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> means that Basic Authentication is disabled, and a value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> allows both SSL and non-SSL connections (not recommended).</p></li>
<li><p>Then exit Registry Editor, and restart the computer.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<section id="mapping-drives-with-the-command-line">
<h3>Mapping drives with the command line<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-drives-with-the-command-line" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The following example shows how to map a drive using the command line. To map
the drive:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Open a command prompt in Windows.</p></li>
<li><p>Enter the following line in the command prompt to map to the computer Z
drive:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="n">use</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//&lt;</span><span class="n">drive_path</span><span class="o">&gt;/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">youruser</span> <span class="n">yourpassword</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>with &lt;drive_path&gt; as the URL to your Nextcloud server.
For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="n">use</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">youruser</span> <span class="n">yourpassword</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The computer maps the files of your Nextcloud account to the drive letter Z.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If you get the following error
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">System</span> <span class="pre">error</span> <span class="pre">67</span> <span class="pre">has</span> <span class="pre">occurred.</span> <span class="pre">The</span> <span class="pre">network</span> <span class="pre">name</span> <span class="pre">cannot</span> <span class="pre">be</span> <span class="pre">found.</span></code>,
open the <strong>Services</strong> app and make sure that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WebClient</span></code>
service is running and started automatically at startup.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Though not recommended, you can also mount the Nextcloud server using HTTP, leaving the connection unencrypted.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If you plan to use HTTP connections on devices while in a public place, we strongly recommend using a VPN tunnel to provide the necessary security.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>An alternative command syntax is:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">net</span> <span class="n">use</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">:</span> \\<span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="nd">@ssl</span>\<span class="n">nextcloud</span>\<span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span>\<span class="n">dav</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">youruser</span>
<span class="n">yourpassword</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="mapping-drives-with-windows-explorer">
<h3>Mapping drives with Windows Explorer<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-drives-with-windows-explorer" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>To map a drive using Microsoft Windows Explorer:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Open Windows Explorer on your MS Windows computer.</p></li>
<li><p>Right-click on <strong>Computer</strong> entry and select <strong>Map network drive…</strong> from
the drop-down menu.</p></li>
<li><p>Choose a local network drive to which you want to map Nextcloud.</p></li>
<li><p>Specify the address to your Nextcloud instance, followed by
<strong>/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/</strong>.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">remote</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dav</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">files</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">USERNAME</span><span class="o">/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>For SSL-protected servers, check <strong>Reconnect at sign-in</strong> to ensure
that the mapping is persistent upon subsequent reboots. If you want to
connect to the Nextcloud server as a different user, check <strong>Connect using
different credentials</strong>.</p>
</div>
<figure class="align-default">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../_images/explorer_webdav.png"><img alt="Screenshot of mapping WebDAV on Windows Explorer" src="../_images/explorer_webdav.png" style="width: 487.20000000000005px; height: 358.40000000000003px;" /></a>
</figure>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="5">
<li><p>Click the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Finish</span></code> button.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Windows Explorer maps the network drive, making your Nextcloud instance available.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-using-cyberduck">
<h2>Accessing files using Cyberduck<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-using-cyberduck" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://cyberduck.io/">Cyberduck</a> is an open source FTP, SFTP, WebDAV, OpenStack Swift, and Amazon S3 browser designed for file transfers on macOS and Windows.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This example uses Cyberduck version 4.2.1.</p>
</div>
<p>To use Cyberduck:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Specify a server without any leading protocol information.</p>
<p>For example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example.com</span></code></p>
</li>
<li><p>Specify the appropriate port.</p>
<p>The port you choose depends on whether or not your Nextcloud server supports SSL. Cyberduck requires that you select a different connection type if you plan to use SSL.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>For example:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">80</span></code> for unencrypted WebDAV</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">443</span></code> for secure WebDAV (HTTPS/SSL)</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p>Use the ‘More Options’ drop-down menu to add the rest of your WebDAV URL into
the ‘Path’ field.</p>
<p>For example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/</span></code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Now Cyberduck enables file access to the Nextcloud server.</p>
</section>
<section id="accessing-public-shares-over-webdav">
<h2>Accessing public shares over WebDAV<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-public-shares-over-webdav" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Nextcloud provides the possibility to access public shares anonymously over WebDAV.</p>
<p>To access the public share, open:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">nextcloud</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">public</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">webdav</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>in a WebDAV client, use the share token as username and the (optional) share password as the password. For example, with a share link <a class="reference external" href="https://example.com/s/kFy9Lek5sm928xP">https://example.com/s/kFy9Lek5sm928xP</a>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kFy9Lek5sm928xP</span></code> will be the username.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><strong>Settings</strong> → <strong>Administration</strong> → <strong>Sharing</strong> → <strong>Allow users on this server to send shares to other servers</strong>.
This option also allows WebDAV access to public shares and needs to be enabled to make this feature work, except if cURL is being used (see below).</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="known-problems">
<h2>Known problems<a class="headerlink" href="#known-problems" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<section id="id4">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Windows does not connect using HTTPS.</p>
</section>
<section id="solution-1">
<h3>Solution 1<a class="headerlink" href="#solution-1" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The Windows WebDAV Client might not support Server Name Indication (SNI) on
encrypted connections. If you encounter an error mounting an SSL-encrypted
Nextcloud instance, contact your provider about assigning a dedicated IP address
for your SSL-based server.</p>
</section>
<section id="solution-2">
<h3>Solution 2<a class="headerlink" href="#solution-2" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The Windows WebDAV Client might not support TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 connections. If
you have restricted your server config to only provide TLSv1.1 and above the
connection to your server might fail. Please refer to the <a class="reference external" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa382925.aspx#WinHTTP_5.1_Features">WinHTTP</a> documentation
for further information.</p>
</section>
<section id="id5">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>You receive the following error message: <strong>Error 0x800700DF: The file size
exceeds the limit allowed and cannot be saved.</strong></p>
</section>
<section id="id6">
<h3>Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Windows limits the maximum size a file transferred from or to a WebDAV share
may have. You can increase the value <strong>FileSizeLimitInBytes</strong> in
<strong>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters</strong>
by clicking on <strong>Modify</strong>.</p>
<p>To increase the limit to the maximum value of 4GB, select <strong>Decimal</strong>, enter a
value of <strong>4294967295</strong>, and reboot Windows or restart the <strong>WebClient</strong>
service.</p>
</section>
<section id="id7">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Adding a WebDAV drive on Windows via the above described steps does not display the correct size
of in Nextcloud available space and instead shows the size of the C: drive with its available space.</p>
</section>
<section id="answer">
<h3>Answer<a class="headerlink" href="#answer" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Unfortunately is this a limitation of WebDAV itself, because it does not provide a way for the client
to get the available free space from the server. Windows automatically falls back to show the size of
the C: drive with its available space instead. So unfortunately there is no real solution to this problem.</p>
</section>
<section id="id8">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Accessing your files from Microsoft Office via WebDAV fails.</p>
</section>
<section id="id9">
<h3>Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Known problems and their solutions are documented in the <a class="reference external" href="https://support.microsoft.com/kb/2123563">KB2123563</a> article.</p>
</section>
<section id="id10">
<h3>Problem<a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Cannot map Nextcloud as a WebDAV drive in Windows using a self-signed certificate.</p>
</section>
<section id="id11">
<h3>Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Access to your Nextcloud instance via your favorite Web browser.</p></li>
<li><p>Click through until you get to the certificate error in the browser status
line.</p></li>
<li><p>View the certificate, then from the Details tab, select ‘Copy to File’.</p></li>
<li><p>Save the file to your desktop with an arbitrary name, for example
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">myNextcloud.pem</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Go to Start menu &gt; Run, type MMC, and click ‘OK’ to open Microsoft Management
Console.</p></li>
<li><p>Go to File &gt; Add/Remove Snap-In.</p></li>
<li><p>Select Certificates, Click ‘Add’, choose ‘My User Account’, then ‘Finish’, and
finally ‘OK’.</p></li>
<li><p>Dig down to Trust Root Certification Authorities, Certificates.</p></li>
<li><p>Right-Click Certificate, Select All Tasks, and Import.</p></li>
<li><p>Select the saved certificate from the Desktop.</p></li>
<li><p>Select Place all Certificates in the following Store, and click Browse.</p></li>
<li><p>Check the Box that says Show Physical Stores, expand out Trusted Root
Certification Authorities, select Local Computer there, click ‘OK’, and
Complete the Import.</p></li>
<li><p>Check the list to make sure the certificate shows up. You will probably
need to Refresh before you see it.</p></li>
<li><p>Exit MMC.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>For Firefox users:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Launch your browser, go to Application menu &gt; History &gt; Clear recent history…</p></li>
<li><p>Select ‘Everything’ in the ‘Time range to clear’ dropdown menu</p></li>
<li><p>Select the ‘Active Logins’ check box</p></li>
<li><p>Click the ‘Clear now’ button</p></li>
<li><p>Close the browser, then re-open and test.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>For Chrome-based browsers (Chrome, Chromium, Microsoft Edge) users:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Open Windows Control Panel, navigate down to Internet Options</p></li>
<li><p>In the Content tab, click the Clear SSL State button.</p></li>
<li><p>Close the browser, then re-open and test.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-using-curl">
<h2>Accessing files using cURL<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-using-curl" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Since WebDAV is an extension of HTTP, cURL can be used to script file operations.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><strong>Settings</strong> → <strong>Administration</strong> → <strong>Sharing</strong> → <strong>Allow users on this server to send shares to other servers</strong>.
If this option is disabled, the option <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--header</span> <span class="pre">&quot;X-Requested-With:</span> <span class="pre">XMLHttpRequest&quot;</span></code> needs to be passed to cURL.</p>
</div>
<p>To create a folder with the current date as name:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-u<span class="w"> </span>user:pass<span class="w"> </span>-X<span class="w"> </span>MKCOL<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/</span><span class="k">$(</span>date<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;+%d-%b-%Y&#39;</span><span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To upload a file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error.log</span></code> into that directory:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-u<span class="w"> </span>user:pass<span class="w"> </span>-T<span class="w"> </span>error.log<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/</span><span class="k">$(</span>date<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;+%d-%b-%Y&#39;</span><span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">/error.log&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To move a file:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-u<span class="w"> </span>user:pass<span class="w"> </span>-X<span class="w"> </span>MOVE<span class="w"> </span>--header<span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;Destination: https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/target.jpg&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/source.jpg
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To get the properties of files in the root folder:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>$<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-X<span class="w"> </span>PROPFIND<span class="w"> </span>-H<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Depth: 1&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>-u<span class="w"> </span>user:pass<span class="w"> </span>https://example.com/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>xml_pp
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;?xml<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span>?&gt;
&lt;d:multistatus<span class="w"> </span>xmlns:d<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;DAV:&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>xmlns:oc<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://nextcloud.org/ns&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>xmlns:s<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://sabredav.org/ns&quot;</span>&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:response&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:href&gt;/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/&lt;/d:href&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:propstat&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:prop&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:getlastmodified&gt;Tue,<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">13</span><span class="w"> </span>Oct<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2015</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">17</span>:07:45<span class="w"> </span>GMT&lt;/d:getlastmodified&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:resourcetype&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:collection/&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:resourcetype&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:quota-used-bytes&gt;163&lt;/d:quota-used-bytes&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:quota-available-bytes&gt;11802275840&lt;/d:quota-available-bytes&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:getetag&gt;<span class="s2">&quot;561d3a6139d05&quot;</span>&lt;/d:getetag&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:prop&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:status&gt;HTTP/1.1<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">200</span><span class="w"> </span>OK&lt;/d:status&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:propstat&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:response&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:response&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:href&gt;/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/USERNAME/welcome.txt&lt;/d:href&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:propstat&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:prop&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:getlastmodified&gt;Tue,<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">13</span><span class="w"> </span>Oct<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2015</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">17</span>:07:35<span class="w"> </span>GMT&lt;/d:getlastmodified&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:getcontentlength&gt;163&lt;/d:getcontentlength&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:resourcetype/&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:getetag&gt;<span class="s2">&quot;47465fae667b2d0fee154f5e17d1f0f1&quot;</span>&lt;/d:getetag&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:getcontenttype&gt;text/plain&lt;/d:getcontenttype&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:prop&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;d:status&gt;HTTP/1.1<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">200</span><span class="w"> </span>OK&lt;/d:status&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:propstat&gt;
<span class="w"> </span>&lt;/d:response&gt;
&lt;/d:multistatus&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="accessing-files-using-winscp">
<h2>Accessing files using WinSCP<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-files-using-winscp" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://winscp.net/eng/docs/introduction/">WinSCP</a> is an open source free SFTP, FTP, WebDAV, S3, and SCP client for Windows. Its main function is file transfer between a local and a remote computer. Beyond this, WinSCP offers scripting and basic file management functionality.</p>
<p>You can <a class="reference external" href="https://winscp.net/eng/downloads.php/">download</a> the portable version of WinSCP and run it on Linux through <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.winehq.org/Main_Page/">Wine</a>.</p>
<p>To run WinSCP on Linux, download wine through your distribution’s package manager, then run it with the command: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wine</span> <span class="pre">WinSCP.exe</span></code>.</p>
<p>To connect to Nextcloud:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Start WinSCP</p></li>
<li><p>Press ‘Session’ in the menu</p></li>
<li><p>Press the ‘New Session’ menu option</p></li>
<li><p>Set the ‘File protocol’ dropdown to WebDAV</p></li>
<li><p>Set the ‘Encryption’ dropdown to TLS/SSL Implicit encryption</p></li>
<li><p>Fill in the hostname field: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">example.com</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Fill in the username field: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEXTCLOUDUSERNAME</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Fill in the password field: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEXTCLOUDPASSWORD</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Press the ‘Advanced…’ button</p></li>
<li><p>Navigate to ‘Environment’, ‘Directories’ on the left side</p></li>
<li><p>Fill in the ‘Remote directory’ field with the following: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/nextcloud/remote.php/dav/files/NEXTCLOUDUSERNAME/</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Press the ‘OK’ button</p></li>
<li><p>Press the ‘Save’ button</p></li>
<li><p>Select the desired options and press the ‘OK’ button</p></li>
<li><p>Press the ‘Login’ button to connect to Nextcloud</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>It is recommended to use an app password for the password if you use TOTP as WinSCP does not understand TOTP with Nextcloud at the time of writing (2022-11-07).</p>
</div>
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<section id="accessing-your-files-using-the-nextcloud-web-interface">
<h1>Accessing your files using the Nextcloud Web interface<a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-your-files-using-the-nextcloud-web-interface" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>You can access your Nextcloud files with the Nextcloud Web interface and create,
preview, edit, delete, share, and re-share files. Your Nextcloud administrator
has the option to disable these features, so if any of them are missing on your
system ask your server administrator.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="The Files view screen." src="../_images/users-files.png" />
</figure>
<section id="tagging-files">
<h2>Tagging files<a class="headerlink" href="#tagging-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can assign tags to files. To create tags, open a file to the Details view.
Then type your tags. To enter more than one tag press the return key after
creating each tag. All tags are system tags, and are shared by all users on your
Nextcloud server.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Creating file tags." src="../_images/files_page-7.png" />
</figure>
<p>Then use the Tags filter on the left sidebar to filter files by tags:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Viewing file tags." src="../_images/files_page-8.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="comments">
<h2>Comments<a class="headerlink" href="#comments" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Use the Details view to add and read comments on any file or folder. Comments
are visible to everyone who has access to the file:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Creating and viewing comments." src="../_images/file_menu_comments_2.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="video-player">
<h2>Video player<a class="headerlink" href="#video-player" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can play videos in Nextcloud with the Video Player app by simply clicking on
the file. Video streaming by the native Nextcloud video player depends on your Web browser
and the video format. If your Nextcloud administrator has enabled video
streaming, and it doesn’t work in your Web browser, it may be a browser issue. See <a class="reference external" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Supported_media_formats#Browser_compatibility">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Supported_media_formats#Browser_compatibility</a> for supported multimedia formats in Web browsers.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Watching a movie." src="../_images/video_player_2.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="file-controls">
<h2>File controls<a class="headerlink" href="#file-controls" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Nextcloud can display thumbnail previews for image files, MP3 covers,
and text files, if this enabled by your server administrator. Hover your cursor
over a file or folder to expose the controls for the following operations:</p>
<dl>
<dt>Favorites</dt><dd><p>Click the star to the left of the file icon to mark it as a favorite:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Marking Favorite files." src="../_images/files_page-1.png" />
</figure>
<p>You can also quickly find all of your favorites with the Favorites filter on the left
sidebar.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Overflow Menu</dt><dd><p>The Overflow menu (three dots) displays file details, and allows you to
rename, download, or delete files:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Overflow menu." src="../_images/files_page-3.png" />
</figure>
<p>The Details view shows Activities, Sharing, and Versions information:</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Details screen." src="../_images/files_page-4.png" />
</figure>
<p>The <strong>Settings</strong> gear icon at the lower left allows you to show or hide hidden
files in your Nextcloud Web interface. These are also called dotfiles, because
they are prefixed with a dot, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.mailfile</span></code>. The dot tells your operating
system to hide these files in your file browsers, unless you choose to display
them. Usually these are configuration files, so having the option to hide them
reduces clutter.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Hiding or displaying hidden files." src="../_images/hidden_files.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="previewing-files">
<h2>Previewing files<a class="headerlink" href="#previewing-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can display uncompressed text files, OpenDocument files, videos, and image
files in the Nextcloud embedded viewers by clicking on the file name. There may
be other file types you can preview if your Nextcloud administrator has enabled
them. If Nextcloud cannot display a file, it starts a download process and
downloads the file to your computer.</p>
</section>
<section id="navigating-inside-your-nextcloud">
<h2>Navigating inside your Nextcloud<a class="headerlink" href="#navigating-inside-your-nextcloud" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Navigating through folders in Nextcloud is as simple as clicking on a folder to
open it and using the back button on your browser to move to a previous level.
Nextcloud also provides a navigation bar at the top of the Files field for quick
navigation.</p>
</section>
<section id="sharing-status-icons">
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<p>Any folder that has been shared is marked with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Shared</span></code> overlay icon.
Public link shares are marked with a chain link. Unshared folders are not marked:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="Share status icons." src="../_images/files_page-5.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="creating-or-uploading-files-and-directories">
<h2>Creating or uploading files and directories<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-or-uploading-files-and-directories" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Upload or create new files or folders directly in a Nextcloud folder by clicking
on the <em>New</em> button in the Files app:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="The New file/folder/upload menu." src="../_images/files_page-6.png" />
</figure>
<p>The <em>New</em> button provides the following options:</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Up arrow</dt><dd><p>Upload files from your computer into Nextcloud. You can also upload files by
dragging and dropping them from your file manager.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Text file</dt><dd><p>Creates a new text file and adds the file to your current folder.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Folder</dt><dd><p>Creates a new folder in the current folder.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="selecting-files-or-folders">
<h2>Selecting files or folders<a class="headerlink" href="#selecting-files-or-folders" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can select one or more files or folders by clicking on their checkboxes. To
select all files in the current directory, click on the checkbox located at the
top of the files listing.</p>
<p>When you select multiple files, you can delete all of them, or download them as
a ZIP file by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Delete</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span></code> buttons that appear at the
top.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span></code> button is not visible, the administrator has
disabled this feature.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="filtering-the-files-view">
<h2>Filtering the files view<a class="headerlink" href="#filtering-the-files-view" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The left sidebar on the Files page contains several filters for quickly sorting
and managing your files.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>All files</dt><dd><p>The default view; displays all files that you have access to.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Favorites</dt><dd><p>Files or folders marked with the yellow star.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Shared with you</dt><dd><p>Displays all files shared with you by another user or group.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Shared with others</dt><dd><p>Displays all files that you have shared with other users or groups.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Shared by link</dt><dd><p>Displays all files that are shared by you via public link.</p>
</dd>
<dt>External Storage (optional)</dt><dd><p>Files that you have access to on external storage devices and services such
as Amazon S3, SMB/CIFS, FTP…</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="moving-files">
<h2>Moving files<a class="headerlink" href="#moving-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can move files and folders by dragging and dropping them into any directory.</p>
</section>
<section id="creating-or-connecting-to-a-federation-share-link">
<h2>Creating or connecting to a Federation Share link<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-or-connecting-to-a-federation-share-link" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Federated Cloud Sharing allows you to mount file shares from remote Nextcloud
servers, and manage them just like a local share. See <a class="reference internal" href="federated_cloud_sharing.html"><span class="doc">Using Federation Shares</span></a>
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<section id="managing-deleted-files">
<h1>Managing deleted files<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-deleted-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>When you delete a file in Nextcloud, it is not immediately deleted permanently,
only moved into the trash bin. It is not permanently deleted until you manually
delete it, or when the Deleted Files app deletes it to make room for new files.</p>
<p>Find your deleted files by clicking on the <strong>Deleted files</strong>
button on the Files page of the Nextcloud Web interface. You’ll have options to
either restore or permanently delete files.</p>
<section id="quotas">
<h2>Quotas<a class="headerlink" href="#quotas" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Deleted files are not counted against your storage quota. Only your personal
files count against your quota, not files which were shared with you.
(See <a class="reference internal" href="quota.html"><span class="doc">Storage quota</span></a> to learn more about quotas.)</p>
</section>
<section id="what-happens-when-shared-files-are-deleted">
<h2>What happens when shared files are deleted<a class="headerlink" href="#what-happens-when-shared-files-are-deleted" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Deleting files gets a little complicated when they are shared files, as this
scenario illustrates:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>User1 shares a folder “test” with User2 and User3</p></li>
<li><p>User2 (the recipient) deletes a file/folder “sub” inside of “test”</p></li>
<li><p>The folder “sub” will be moved to the trash bin of both User1 (owner) and
User2 (recipient)</p></li>
<li><p>But User3 will not have a copy of “sub” in their trash bin</p></li>
</ol>
<p>When User1 deletes “sub” then it is moved to User1’s trash bin. It is
deleted from User2 and User3, but not placed in their trash bins.</p>
<p>When you share files, other users may copy, rename, move, and share them with
other people, just as they can for any computer files; Nextcloud does not have
magic powers to prevent this.</p>
</section>
<section id="how-the-deleted-files-app-manages-storage-space">
<h2>How the deleted files app manages storage space<a class="headerlink" href="#how-the-deleted-files-app-manages-storage-space" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>To ensure that users do not run over their storage quotas, the Deleted Files
app allocates a maximum of 50% of their currently available free space to
deleted files. If your deleted files exceed this limit, Nextcloud deletes the
oldest files (files with the oldest timestamps from when they were deleted)
until it meets the memory usage limit again.</p>
<p>Nextcloud checks the age of deleted files every time new files are added to the
deleted files. By default, deleted files stay in the trash bin for 30 days. The
Nextcloud server administrator can adjust this value in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config.php</span></code> file
by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trashbin_retention_obligation</span></code> value. Files older than the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trashbin_retention_obligation</span></code> value will be deleted permanently.
Additionally, Nextcloud calculates the maximum available space every time a new
file is added. If the deleted files exceed the new maximum allowed space
Nextcloud will permanently delete those trashed files with the soonest expiration
until the space limit is met again.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Your administrator may have configured the trash bin retention period
to override the storage space management. See <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/config_sample_php_parameters.html#deleted-items-trash-bin">admin documentation</a> for more details.</p>
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<h1>Desktop and mobile synchronization<a class="headerlink" href="#desktop-and-mobile-synchronization" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>For synchronizing files with your desktop computer, we recommend using the
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<p>The Nextcloud Desktop Sync Client enables you to connect to your Nextcloud Server.
You can create folders in your home directory, and keep the contents of those
folders synced with your Nextcloud server. Simply copy a file into the directory
and the Nextcloud desktop client does the rest. Make a change to the files on one
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You will always
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<p>Its usage is documented separately in the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/desktop/latest">Nextcloud Desktop Client Manual</a>.</p>
<section id="mobile-clients">
<h2>Mobile clients<a class="headerlink" href="#mobile-clients" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Visit your Personal page in your Nextcloud Web interface to find download links
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<p>Unfortunately, 2-way-sync, a.k.a bidirectional sync, isn’t fully implemented in
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<section id="encrypting-your-nextcloud-files-on-the-server">
<h1>Encrypting your Nextcloud files on the server<a class="headerlink" href="#encrypting-your-nextcloud-files-on-the-server" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Nextcloud includes a server side Encryption app, and when it is enabled by
your Nextcloud administrator all of your Nextcloud data files are automatically
encrypted on the server.
Encryption is server-wide, so when it is enabled you cannot choose to keep your
files unencrypted. You don’t have to do anything special, as it uses your
Nextcloud login as the password for your unique private encryption key. Just log
out and in and manage and share your files as you normally do, and you can
still change your password whenever you want.</p>
<p>Its main purpose is to encrypt files on remote storage services that are
connected to your Nextcloud server. This is an
easy and seamless way to protect your files on remote storage. You can share
your remote files through Nextcloud in the usual way, however you cannot share
your encrypted files directly from the remote service you are using, because
the encryption keys are stored on your Nextcloud server, and are never exposed
to outside service providers.</p>
<p>If your Nextcloud server is not connected to any remote storage services, then
it is better to use some other form of encryption such as file-level or whole
disk encryption. Because the keys are kept on your Nextcloud server, it is
possible for your Nextcloud administrator to snoop in your files, and if the server is
compromised the intruder may get access to your files. (Read
<a class="reference external" href="https://nextcloud.com/blog/encryption-in-nextcloud/">Encryption in Nextcloud</a>
to learn more.)</p>
<section id="encryption-faq">
<h2>Encryption FAQ<a class="headerlink" href="#encryption-faq" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<section id="how-can-encryption-be-disabled">
<h3>How can encryption be disabled?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-encryption-be-disabled" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>The only way to disable encryption is to run the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/occ_command.html#encryption-label">“decrypt all”</a>
script, which decrypts all files and disables encryption.</p>
</section>
<section id="is-it-possible-to-disable-encryption-with-the-recovery-key">
<h3>Is it possible to disable encryption with the recovery key?<a class="headerlink" href="#is-it-possible-to-disable-encryption-with-the-recovery-key" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Yes, <em>if</em> every user uses the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/encryption_configuration.html#enabling-users-file-recovery-keys">file recovery key</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/occ_command.html#encryption-label">“decrypt all”</a> will use it to decrypt all files.</p>
</section>
<section id="can-encryption-be-disabled-without-the-user-s-password">
<h3>Can encryption be disabled without the user’s password?<a class="headerlink" href="#can-encryption-be-disabled-without-the-user-s-password" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you don’t have the users password or <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/encryption_configuration.html#enabling-users-file-recovery-keys">file recovery key</a>,
then there is no way to decrypt all files. What’s more, running it on login
would be dangerous, because you would most likely run into timeouts.</p>
</section>
<section id="is-it-planned-to-move-this-to-the-next-user-login-or-a-background-job">
<h3>Is it planned to move this to the next user login or a background job?<a class="headerlink" href="#is-it-planned-to-move-this-to-the-next-user-login-or-a-background-job" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If we did that, then we would need to store your login password in the database.
This could be seen as a security issue, so nothing like that is planned.</p>
</section>
<section id="is-group-sharing-possible-with-the-recovery-key">
<h3>Is group Sharing possible with the recovery key?<a class="headerlink" href="#is-group-sharing-possible-with-the-recovery-key" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If you mean adding users to groups and make it magically work? No. This only
works with the master key.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="using-encryption">
<h2>Using encryption<a class="headerlink" href="#using-encryption" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Nextcloud encryption is pretty much set it and forget it, but you have a few
options you can use.</p>
<p>When your Nextcloud administrator enables encryption for the first time, you must log
out and then log back in to create your encryption keys and encrypt your files.
When encryption has been enabled on your Nextcloud server you will see a yellow
banner on your Files page warning you to log out and then log back in:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/encryption1.png" src="../_images/encryption1.png" />
</figure>
<p>When you log back in it takes a few minutes to work, depending on how many
files you have, and then you are returned to your default Nextcloud page.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/encryption2.png" src="../_images/encryption2.png" />
</figure>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>You must never lose your Nextcloud password, because you will lose
access to your files. Though there is an optional recovery option that your
Nextcloud administrator may enable; see the Recovery Key Password section
(below) to learn about this.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sharing-encrypted-files">
<h2>Sharing encrypted files<a class="headerlink" href="#sharing-encrypted-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Only users who have private encryption keys have access to shared encrypted
files and folders. Users who have not yet created their private encryption keys
will not have access to encrypted shared files; they will see folders and
filenames, but will not be able to open or download the files. They will see a
yellow warning banner that says “Encryption App is enabled but your keys are not
initialized, please log-out and log-in again.”</p>
<p>Share owners may need to re-share files after encryption is enabled; users
trying to access the share will see a message advising them to ask the share
owner to re-share the file with them. For individual shares, un-share and
re-share the file. For group shares, share with any individuals who can’t access
the share. This updates the encryption, and then the share owner can remove the
individual shares.</p>
<section id="recovery-key-password">
<h3>Recovery key password<a class="headerlink" href="#recovery-key-password" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>If your Nextcloud administrator has enabled the recovery key feature, you can
choose to use this feature for your account. If you enable “Password recovery”
the administrator can read your data with a special password. This feature
enables the administrator to recover your files in the event you lose your
Nextcloud password. If the recovery key is not enabled, then there is no way to
restore your files if you lose your login password.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/encryption3.png" src="../_images/encryption3.png" />
</figure>
</section>
</section>
<section id="files-not-encrypted">
<h2>Files not encrypted<a class="headerlink" href="#files-not-encrypted" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Only the data in your files is encrypted, and not the filenames or folder
structures. These files are never encrypted:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Old files in the trash bin.</p></li>
<li><p>Image thumbnails from the Gallery app.</p></li>
<li><p>Previews from the Files app.</p></li>
<li><p>The search index from the full text search app.</p></li>
<li><p>Third-party app data</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Only those files that are shared with third-party storage providers can
be encrypted, the rest of the files may not be encrypted.</p>
<section id="change-private-key-password">
<h3>Change private key password<a class="headerlink" href="#change-private-key-password" title="Link to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>This option is only available if the encryption password has not been changed by
the administrator, but only the log-in password. This can occur if your Nextcloud
provider uses an external user back-end (for example, LDAP) and changed your
login password using that back-end configuration. In this case, you can set
your encryption password to your new login password by providing your old and
new login password. The Encryption app works only if your login password and
your encryption password are identical.</p>
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<section id="using-federation-shares">
<h1>Using Federation Shares<a class="headerlink" href="#using-federation-shares" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Federation Sharing allows you to mount file shares from remote Nextcloud servers, in effect
creating your own cloud of Nextclouds. You can create direct share links with
users on other Nextcloud servers.</p>
<section id="creating-a-new-federation-share">
<h2>Creating a new Federation Share<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-new-federation-share" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Federation sharing is enabled on new or upgraded Nextcloud installations
by default. Follow these steps to create a new share with other Nextcloud or ownCloud 9+ servers:</p>
<p>1. Go to your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Files</span></code> page and click the <strong>Share</strong> icon on the file or directory
you want to share. In the sidebar enter the username and URL of the remote user
in this form: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;username&gt;&#64;&lt;oc-server-url&gt;</span></code>. The form automatically confirms the address
that you type and labels it as “remote”. Click on the label.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/direct-share-1.png" src="../_images/direct-share-1.png" />
</figure>
<p>2. When your local Nextcloud server makes a successful connection with the remote
Nextcloud server you’ll see a confirmation. Your only share option is <strong>Can
edit</strong>.</p>
<p>Click the Share button anytime to see who you have shared your file with. Remove
your linked share anytime by clicking the trash can icon. This only unlinks the
share, and does not delete any files.</p>
</section>
<section id="creating-a-new-federated-cloud-share-via-email">
<h2>Creating a new Federated Cloud Share via email<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-new-federated-cloud-share-via-email" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Use this method when you are sharing with users on ownCloud 8.x and older.</p>
<p>What if you do not know the username or URL? Then you can have Nextcloud create
the link for you and email it to your recipient.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/create_public_share-6.png" src="../_images/create_public_share-6.png" />
</figure>
<p>When your recipient receives your email they will have to take a number of
steps to complete the share link. First they must open the link you sent them in
a Web browser, and then click the <strong>Add to your Nextcloud</strong> button.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/create_public_share-8.png" src="../_images/create_public_share-8.png" />
</figure>
<p>The <strong>Add to your Nextcloud</strong> button changes to a form field, and your recipient
needs to enter the URL of their Nextcloud or ownCloud server in this field and press the
return key, or click the arrow.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/create_public_share-9.png" src="../_images/create_public_share-9.png" />
</figure>
<p>Next, they will see a dialog asking to confirm. All they have to do is click
the <strong>Add remote share</strong> button and they’re finished.</p>
<p>Remove your linked share anytime by clicking the trash can icon. This only
unlinks the share, and does not delete any files.</p>
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<section id="making-anonymous-uploads">
<h1>Making anonymous uploads<a class="headerlink" href="#making-anonymous-uploads" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>You may create your own special upload directories so that other people can upload
files to you without having to log in to the server, and without being a Nextcloud
user.
They will not be allowed to see the contents of this directory, or to make any
changes. This is an excellent alternative to sending large attachments via email,
using an FTP server, or using commercial file-sharing services.</p>
<section id="setting-up-your-own-file-drop">
<h2>Setting up your own file drop<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-your-own-file-drop" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Go to Files and create or choose the folder, the anonymous upload should be
made to:</p>
<img alt="../_images/anonym_click_sharing.png" src="../_images/anonym_click_sharing.png" />
<p>Check Share Link, Allow editing, Hide file listing:</p>
<img alt="../_images/anonym_hide_file_listing.png" src="../_images/anonym_hide_file_listing.png" />
<p>Now you can send the link to the upload folder manually or by using the
Nextcloud send function, if your administrator has enabled it.</p>
</section>
<section id="uploading-files">
<h2>Uploading files<a class="headerlink" href="#uploading-files" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Using the anonymous upload function is simple. You receive a link to the upload
folder, click the link, and then you’ll see a Nextcloud page with a “<strong>Click to
upload</strong>” button:</p>
<img alt="../_images/anonym_upload.png" src="../_images/anonym_upload.png" />
<p>This opens a file picker, and you select the file or directory you want to
upload. You’re also able to just drop files into the window.</p>
<p>When your upload is completed, the filenames are listed:</p>
<img alt="../_images/anonym_uploaded_files.png" src="../_images/anonym_uploaded_files.png" />
</section>
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<p>When uploading files through the web client, Nextcloud is limited by PHP and Apache configurations. By default, PHP is configured for only 2 megabyte uploads. As this default upload limit is not entirely useful, we recommend that your Nextcloud administrator increase the Nextcloud variables to sizes appropriate for users.</p>
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<li><p>Refer to the section in the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/big_file_upload_configuration.html">Administration Documentation</a> that describes how to manage file
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<p>Users can associate files, chats and other items with each other in projects. The various apps will present these items in a list, allowing users to immediately jump to them. Projects are Nextcloud wide. When a user shares a file that is part of a project, the share recipient can see that project, too. A click on any of the items in a project leads right to it, be it a chat, a file or a task.</p>
<section id="create-a-new-project">
<h2>Create a new project<a class="headerlink" href="#create-a-new-project" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>A new project can be created by linking two items together. Start off by opening a file or folders sharing sidebar.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/projects1.png" src="../_images/projects1.png" />
</figure>
<p>Click <em>Add to a project</em> and select the type of item you want to link with the current file/folder. A selector will open that allows you selecting a Talk conversation for example.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/projects2.png" src="../_images/projects2.png" />
</figure>
<p>Once the item has been selected a new project is being created and listed in the sharing tab of the sidebar. The same project will also appear in the sharing sidebar of the linked items.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/projects3.png" src="../_images/projects3.png" />
</figure>
<p>The list entry shows quick links to a limited number of items. By opening the context menu, the project can be renamed and the full list of items can be expanded.</p>
</section>
<section id="adding-more-entries-to-a-project">
<h2>Adding more entries to a project<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-more-entries-to-a-project" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>If another item should be added to an already existing project this can be done by searching for the project name in the <em>Add to a project</em> picker.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/projects4.png" src="../_images/projects4.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="visibility-of-projects">
<h2>Visibility of projects<a class="headerlink" href="#visibility-of-projects" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Projects do not influence the access and visibility of the different items. Users will only see projects of other users if they have access to all contained items.</p>
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<section id="storage-quota">
<h1>Storage quota<a class="headerlink" href="#storage-quota" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Your Nextcloud administrator has the option to set a storage quota on users. Look at
your the Personal page to see what your quota is, and how much you have used.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/quota1.png" src="../_images/quota1.png" />
</figure>
<p>It may be helpful to understand how your quota is calculated.</p>
<p>Metadata (thumbnails, temporary files, cache, and encryption keys) takes up
about 10% of disk space, but is not counted against user quotas. Some apps
store information in the database, such as the Calendar and Contacts apps. This
data is excluded from your quota.</p>
<p>When other users share files with you, the shared files count against the
original share owner’s quota. When you share a folder and allow other users or
groups to upload files to it, all uploaded and edited files count against your
quota. When you re-share files shared with you, the re-share still counts
against the quota of the original share owner.</p>
<p>Encrypted files are a little larger than unencrypted files; the unencrypted size
is calculated against your quota.</p>
<p>Deleted files that are still in the trash bin do not count against quotas. The
trash bin is set at 50% of quota. Deleted file aging is set at 30 days. When
deleted files exceed 50% of quota then the oldest files are removed until the
total is below 50%.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Your administrator may have configured the trash bin retention period
to override the storage space management. See <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/config_sample_php_parameters.html#deleted-items-trash-bin">administrator documentation</a> for more details.</p>
</div>
<p>When version control is enabled, the older file versions are not counted against
quotas.</p>
<p>If you create a public share via URL and allow uploads, any uploaded files
count against your quota.</p>
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<section id="file-sharing">
<h1>File Sharing<a class="headerlink" href="#file-sharing" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Nextcloud users can share files and folders. Possible targets are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>public links</p></li>
<li><p>users</p></li>
<li><p>groups</p></li>
<li><p>circles</p></li>
<li><p>talk conversations</p></li>
<li><p>users or groups on federated Nextcloud servers</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Some options may not be available due to administrative configuration.
See <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/file_sharing_configuration.html">administrator documentation</a> for details.</p>
</div>
<section id="public-link-shares">
<h2>Public link shares<a class="headerlink" href="#public-link-shares" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>You can share files and folders via public links.</p>
<p>A random 15-digit token will be created. The link will look like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https://cloud.example.com/s/yxcFKRWBJqYYzp4</span></code>.</p>
<p>A number of options are available for public <em>folder</em> shares:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_public_folder.png" src="../_images/sharing_public_folder.png" />
</figure>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>Read only</strong> to allow viewing and downloading</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Allow upload and editing</strong></p></li>
<li><p>With <strong>File drop</strong>, the sharee can only upload files to a folder without seeing the files that are already in that folder.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Hide download</strong> hides the download buttons and the default browser right-click options in order to make downloading for the sharee harder</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Password protect</strong></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Set expiration date</strong> will automatically disable the share</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Note to recipient</strong></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Unshare</strong> to revert the share</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Add another link</strong> to create multiple public links with different rights</p></li>
</ul>
<p>For public <em>file</em> shares, you may allow editing the file with one of Nextcloud’s collaborative editing solutions:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_public_file.png" src="../_images/sharing_public_file.png" />
</figure>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Password protection as well as file expiration are also propagated using Federated File Sharing since Nextcloud 22.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="internal-shares-with-users-and-groups">
<h2>Internal shares with users and groups<a class="headerlink" href="#internal-shares-with-users-and-groups" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>When sharing with users, groups, circles or members of a Talk conversation, rights for the files or folder contents are adjustable:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_internal.png" src="../_images/sharing_internal.png" />
</figure>
<p>As a sharee, you can configure if you automatically want to accept all incoming shares and have them added to your root folder, or if you
want to be asked each time if you want to accept or decline the share.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_internal_acceptNotification.png" src="../_images/sharing_internal_acceptNotification.png" />
</figure>
<p>For adjusting the acceptance setting, go to <strong>Settings</strong> &gt; <strong>Personal</strong> &gt; <strong>Sharing</strong>:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_autoAcceptSetting.png" src="../_images/sharing_autoAcceptSetting.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="others-with-access">
<h2>Others with access<a class="headerlink" href="#others-with-access" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>In order to find out if a file or folder is accessible to others through sharing of a superior folder
hierarchy level, click on <strong>Others with access</strong> in the sharing tab:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_others-with-access__collapsed.png" src="../_images/sharing_others-with-access__collapsed.png" />
</figure>
<p>The list shows all users, groups, chats etc. that the current object has been given access to through
sharing of a superior folder in the hierarchy:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/sharing_others-with-access__details.png" src="../_images/sharing_others-with-access__details.png" />
</figure>
<p>Click on the three dots to:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>see who initiated the share</p></li>
<li><p>see where the share was initiated (click to navigate to the folder, as far as you have access there)</p></li>
<li><p>unshare the initial share (only accessible for the share owner)</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This information is only visible to the owner of a file/folder or sharees with resharing rights.</p>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="federated-shares">
<h1>Federated Shares<a class="headerlink" href="#federated-shares" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Federation Sharing allows you to mount file shares from remote Nextcloud servers, in effect
creating your own cloud of Nextclouds. You can create direct share links with
users on other Nextcloud servers.</p>
<section id="creating-a-new-federation-share">
<h2>Creating a new Federation Share<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-new-federation-share" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Federation sharing is enabled by default. Follow these steps to create a new share with other Nextcloud or ownCloud servers:</p>
<p>Go to your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Files</span></code> page and click the Share icon on the file or directory
you want to share. In the sidebar enter the username and URL of the remote user
in this form: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;username&gt;&#64;&lt;nc-server-url&gt;</span></code>. In this example, that is
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bob&#64;cloud.example.com</span></code>:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/share-federation-1.png" src="../_images/share-federation-1.png" />
</figure>
<p>The sharee is receiving a notification in their Nextcloud, allowing them to either accept or decline the incoming share:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/share-federation-2-notification.png" src="../_images/share-federation-2-notification.png" />
</figure>
</section>
<section id="adding-a-public-share-to-your-nextcloud">
<h2>Adding a public share to your Nextcloud<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-a-public-share-to-your-nextcloud" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Nextcloud public link share pages offer an option to add that file or folder as a federated share into your own Nextcloud instance.
Just enter your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;username&gt;&#64;&lt;nc-server-url&gt;</span></code> just like shown for outbound shares above:</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/share-federation-3-public.png" src="../_images/share-federation-3-public.png" />
</figure>
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<section id="transfer-ownership">
<h1>Transfer Ownership<a class="headerlink" href="#transfer-ownership" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Users can transfer the ownership of files and folders to other users. Sharing
ownerships of those transferred files/folders will also be transferred.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Navigate to <em>Settings</em> (top-right menu) &gt; <em>Sharing</em>.</p></li>
<li><p>In the <em>Files</em> section, click on <em>Choose file or folder to transfer</em>. A file picker opens, showing all files and folders in the user’s account.</p></li>
<li><p>Pick a file or folder and click on <em>Choose</em>. The chosen file or folder name gets displayed.</p></li>
<li><p>Click on <em>Change</em> to change the choice if necessary.</p></li>
<li><p>Pick a new owner by typing their name into the search field next to <em>New owner</em>.</p></li>
<li><p>Click on <em>Transfer</em>.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The username autocompletion or listing may be limited due to administrative visibility configuration.
See <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/file_sharing_configuration.html">administrator documentation</a> for details.</p>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>The target user receives a notification where they are being asked whether to
accept or reject the incoming transfer.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/transfer_ownership-accept.png" src="../_images/transfer_ownership-accept.png" />
</figure>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>If accepted, the target user finds the transferred files and folders in their
root under a folder <em>Transferred from [user] on [timestamp]</em>.</p></li>
<li><p>The source user gets informed about the acceptance or rejection by a notification.</p></li>
</ol>
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<p>Nextcloud supports simple version control system for files. Versioning creates
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are saved in <strong>data/[user]/files_versions</strong>.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/files_versioning.png" src="../_images/files_versioning.png" />
</figure>
<p>To restore a specific version of a file, click the circular arrow to the right.
Click on the timestamp to download it.</p>
<p>The versioning app expires old versions automatically to make sure that
the user doesn’t run out of space. This pattern is used to delete
old versions:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>For the first second we keep one version</p></li>
<li><p>For the first 10 seconds Nextcloud keeps one version every 2 seconds</p></li>
<li><p>For the first minute Nextcloud keeps one version every 10 seconds</p></li>
<li><p>For the first hour Nextcloud keeps one version every minute</p></li>
<li><p>For the first 24 hours Nextcloud keeps one version every hour</p></li>
<li><p>For the first 30 days Nextcloud keeps one version every day</p></li>
<li><p>After the first 30 days Nextcloud keeps one version every week</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The versions are adjusted along this pattern every time a new version gets
created.</p>
<p>The version app never uses more than 50% of the user’s currently available free
space. If the stored versions exceed this limit, Nextcloud deletes the oldest
versions until it meets the disk space limit again.</p>
<section id="naming-a-version">
<h2>Naming a version<a class="headerlink" href="#naming-a-version" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Naming a version is currently not available when the group folders or S3 versioning apps are enabled.</p>
</div>
<p>You can give a name to a version.</p>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/files_versions_actions.png" src="../_images/files_versions_actions.png" />
</figure>
<figure class="align-default">
<img alt="../_images/files_versions_naming.png" src="../_images/files_versions_naming.png" />
</figure>
<p>When a version has a name, it will be excluded from the automatic expiration process.</p>
</section>
<section id="deleting-a-version">
<h2>Deleting a version<a class="headerlink" href="#deleting-a-version" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Deleting a version is currently not available when the group folders or S3 versioning apps are enabled.</p>
</div>
<p>You can also manually delete a version without waiting for the automatic expiration process.</p>
</section>
</section>
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