Bitstream primitives (bstream) and XOR encoder/decoder following the
Prometheus TSDB variant of the Gorilla scheme. Delta-of-delta timestamps
with 14/17/20/64-bit buckets, XOR-compressed float64 values. Decoder is
total: arbitrary bytes produce values or ErrShortStream.
This commit is contained in:
2026-07-04 11:42:06 -04:00
commit 06a95597e9
8 changed files with 1420 additions and 0 deletions
+144
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// Chunk encoding follows Prometheus tsdb/chunkenc. See /NOTICE.md.
package chunkenc
import (
"errors"
)
var ErrShortStream = errors.New("chunkenc: unexpected end of stream")
type bstream struct {
stream []byte
count uint8
}
func (b *bstream) bytes() []byte {
return b.stream
}
func (b *bstream) writeBit(bit bool) {
if b.count == 0 {
b.stream = append(b.stream, 0)
b.count = 8
}
i := len(b.stream) - 1
if bit {
b.stream[i] |= 1 << (b.count - 1)
}
b.count--
}
func (b *bstream) writeBits(u uint64, nbits int) {
// Byte-aligned fast path from the top of the value down.
u <<= 64 - uint(nbits)
for nbits >= 8 {
b.writeByte(byte(u >> 56))
u <<= 8
nbits -= 8
}
for nbits > 0 {
b.writeBit((u >> 63) == 1)
u <<= 1
nbits--
}
}
func (b *bstream) writeByte(byt byte) {
if b.count == 0 {
b.stream = append(b.stream, 0)
b.count = 8
}
i := len(b.stream) - 1
// Split across the partial last byte and a fresh one.
b.stream[i] |= byt >> (8 - b.count)
b.stream = append(b.stream, 0)
i++
b.stream[i] = byt << b.count
// count unchanged: same number of free bits, now in the new last byte
}
type bstreamReader struct {
stream []byte
off int // byte offset of next unread byte
buf uint64 // bit buffer, MSB-first
valid uint8 //valid bits remaining in buf
}
func newBReader(b []byte) bstreamReader {
return bstreamReader{stream: b}
}
// loadNextBuffer refills buf with up to 8 bytes. Returns false at EOF.
func (r *bstreamReader) loadNextBuffer(nbits uint8) bool {
if r.off >= len(r.stream) {
return false
}
// Fast path: 8 full bytes available.
if r.off+8 <= len(r.stream) {
r.buf = uint64(r.stream[r.off])<<56 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+1])<<48 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+2])<<40 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+3])<<32 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+4])<<24 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+5])<<16 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+6])<<8 |
uint64(r.stream[r.off+7])
r.off += 8
r.valid = 64
return true
}
// Tail: load what's left, left-aligned.
n := len(r.stream) - r.off
r.buf = 0
for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
r.buf |= uint64(r.stream[r.off+i]) << (56 - 8*uint(i))
}
r.off += n
r.valid = uint8(n * 8)
return true
}
func (r *bstreamReader) readBit() (bool, error) {
if r.valid == 0 {
if !r.loadNextBuffer(1) {
return false, ErrShortStream
}
}
bit := r.buf&(1<<63) != 0
r.buf <<= 1
r.valid--
return bit, nil
}
func (r *bstreamReader) readBits(nbits int) (uint64, error) {
if nbits == 0 {
return 0, nil
}
var v uint64
remaining := uint8(nbits)
for remaining > 0 {
if r.valid == 0 {
if !r.loadNextBuffer(remaining) {
return 0, ErrShortStream
}
}
take := remaining
if take > r.valid {
take = r.valid
}
v = (v << take) | (r.buf >> (64 - take))
r.buf <<= take
r.valid -= take
remaining -= take
}
return v, nil
}
func (r *bstreamReader) readByte() (byte, error) {
v, err := r.readBits(8)
return byte(v), err
}
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package chunkenc
import (
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
// bstreamBytes writes (value, nbits) pairs and returns the encoded bytes.
func bstreamBytes(pairs [][2]uint64) []byte {
var b bstream
for _, p := range pairs {
b.writeBits(p[0], int(p[1]))
}
return b.bytes()
}
func TestBstream(t *testing.T) {
rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
type readOp struct {
nbits int
wantVal uint64
wantErr error
}
ok := func(val uint64, nbits int) readOp { return readOp{nbits, val, nil} }
short := func(nbits int) readOp { return readOp{nbits, 0, ErrShortStream} }
tests := []struct {
name string
data []byte
reads []readOp
}{
// Error paths: raw bytes, reads that exceed the data.
{name: "nil_read_1", data: nil, reads: []readOp{short(1)}},
{name: "nil_read_64", data: nil, reads: []readOp{short(64)}},
{name: "nil_read_0", data: nil, reads: []readOp{ok(0, 0)}},
{name: "1_byte_read_16", data: []byte{0xFF}, reads: []readOp{short(16)}},
{name: "7_bytes_read_64", data: []byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, reads: []readOp{short(64)}},
{name: "exact_byte_then_past_end", data: []byte{0xAB}, reads: []readOp{ok(0xAB, 8), short(1)}},
{name: "two_bytes_then_past_end", data: []byte{0xAB, 0xCD}, reads: []readOp{ok(0xAB, 8), ok(0xCD, 8), short(1)}},
{name: "partial_bits_then_short", data: []byte{0xFF}, reads: []readOp{ok(0b1111, 4), short(8)}},
{name: "8_bytes_exact_64", data: []byte{0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE}, reads: []readOp{ok(0xDEADBEEFCAFEBABE, 64), short(1)}},
// Round-trip: write via bstream, read back.
{name: "zero_width", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0, 0}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0, 0)}},
{name: "single_bit_true", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{1, 1}}), reads: []readOp{ok(1, 1)}},
{name: "single_bit_false", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0, 1}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0, 1)}},
{name: "single_byte", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0xAB, 8}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0xAB, 8)}},
{name: "full_64_bits", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0xDEADBEEFCAFEBABE, 64}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0xDEADBEEFCAFEBABE, 64)}},
{name: "all_ones_8", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0xFF, 8}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0xFF, 8)}},
{name: "all_zeros_8", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0, 8}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0, 8)}},
{name: "all_ones_64", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{^uint64(0), 64}}), reads: []readOp{ok(^uint64(0), 64)}},
{name: "all_zeros_64", data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0, 64}}), reads: []readOp{ok(0, 64)}},
{
name: "byte_aligned_sequence",
data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0xAA, 8}, {0xBB, 8}, {0xCC, 8}}),
reads: []readOp{ok(0xAA, 8), ok(0xBB, 8), ok(0xCC, 8)},
},
{
name: "non_aligned_crossing_boundary",
data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0b101, 3}, {0b11001, 5}, {0xFF, 8}, {1, 1}}),
reads: []readOp{ok(0b101, 3), ok(0b11001, 5), ok(0xFF, 8), ok(1, 1)},
},
{
name: "alternating_single_bits",
data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {0, 1}}),
reads: []readOp{
ok(1, 1), ok(0, 1), ok(1, 1), ok(0, 1),
ok(1, 1), ok(0, 1), ok(1, 1), ok(0, 1),
},
},
{
name: "sequential_64_bit_writes",
data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0x0123456789ABCDEF, 64}, {0xFEDCBA9876543210, 64}, {0, 64}}),
reads: []readOp{ok(0x0123456789ABCDEF, 64), ok(0xFEDCBA9876543210, 64), ok(0, 64)},
},
{
name: "every_width_1_through_64",
data: func() []byte {
pairs := make([][2]uint64, 64)
for i := range pairs {
nbits := i + 1
val := uint64(1)
if nbits > 1 {
val |= uint64(1) << (nbits - 1)
}
pairs[i] = [2]uint64{val, uint64(nbits)}
}
return bstreamBytes(pairs)
}(),
reads: func() []readOp {
ops := make([]readOp, 64)
for i := range ops {
nbits := i + 1
val := uint64(1)
if nbits > 1 {
val |= uint64(1) << (nbits - 1)
}
ops[i] = ok(val, nbits)
}
return ops
}(),
},
{
name: "high_bits_ignored",
data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, 1}, {0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, 4}, {0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, 8}}),
reads: []readOp{ok(1, 1), ok(0xF, 4), ok(0xFF, 8)},
},
{
name: "mixed_widths",
data: bstreamBytes([][2]uint64{{0b1, 1}, {0xABCD, 16}, {0, 1}, {0xFF, 8}, {0b110, 3}, {0xDEADBEEF, 32}, {1, 1}, {0, 0}}),
reads: []readOp{ok(0b1, 1), ok(0xABCD, 16), ok(0, 1), ok(0xFF, 8), ok(0b110, 3), ok(0xDEADBEEF, 32), ok(1, 1), ok(0, 0)},
},
}
// Random round-trip cases.
for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
n := rnd.Intn(200) + 1
pairs := make([][2]uint64, n)
reads := make([]readOp, n)
for j := range pairs {
nbits := rnd.Intn(64) + 1
val := rnd.Uint64() & (^uint64(0) >> (64 - uint(nbits)))
pairs[j] = [2]uint64{val, uint64(nbits)}
reads[j] = ok(val, nbits)
}
tests = append(tests, struct {
name string
data []byte
reads []readOp
}{
name: fmt.Sprintf("random_%03d", i),
data: bstreamBytes(pairs),
reads: reads,
})
}
for _, tc := range tests {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
r := newBReader(tc.data)
for i, op := range tc.reads {
got, err := r.readBits(op.nbits)
assert.Equal(t, op.wantVal, got, "op %d val (nbits=%d)", i, op.nbits)
assert.Equal(t, op.wantErr, err, "op %d err (nbits=%d)", i, op.nbits)
}
})
}
}
func FuzzBstreamReader(f *testing.F) {
f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte, nbits uint8) {
r := newBReader(data)
n := int(nbits%64) + 1
for {
if _, err := r.readBits(n); err != nil {
break // must terminate via error, never panic
}
}
})
}
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// Chunk encoding follows Prometheus tsdb/chunkenc. See /NOTICE.md.
package chunkenc
import (
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"math"
"math/bits"
)
type XORChunk struct {
b bstream
}
func NewXORChunk() *XORChunk {
return &XORChunk{b: bstream{stream: make([]byte, 2), count: 0}}
}
func (c *XORChunk) NumSamples() int {
return int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(c.b.bytes()))
}
func (c *XORChunk) Appender() (*xorAppender, error) {
if c.NumSamples() > 0 {
return nil, errors.New("chunkenc: appender on non-empty chunk")
}
return &xorAppender{b: &c.b, leading: 0xff}, nil
}
func (c *XORChunk) Bytes() []byte {
return c.b.bytes()
}
type xorAppender struct {
b *bstream
t int64 // last timestamp
v float64 // last value
tDelta uint64 // last delta
leading uint8 // current XOR window
trailing uint8
}
func (a *xorAppender) Append(t int64, v float64) {
num := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(a.b.stream)
switch num {
case 0:
// First sample: raw 64-bit timestamp and value.
a.b.writeBits(uint64(t), 64)
a.b.writeBits(math.Float64bits(v), 64)
case 1:
// Second sample: fixed 14-bit first delta, then XOR value.
delta := uint64(t - a.t)
a.b.writeBits(delta, 14)
a.writeVDelta(v)
a.tDelta = delta
default:
delta := uint64(t - a.t)
dod := int64(delta) - int64(a.tDelta)
// Prefix-code ladder. Buckets match the Prometheus variant
// (14/17/20/64) rather than the paper's (7/9/12/32) - wider
// buckets tolerate millisecond timestamps and jittery sources.
switch {
case dod == 0:
a.b.writeBit(false)
case bitRange(dod, 14):
a.b.writeBits(0b10, 2)
a.b.writeBits(uint64(dod)&((1<<14)-1), 14)
case bitRange(dod, 17):
a.b.writeBits(0b110, 3)
a.b.writeBits(uint64(dod)&((1<<17)-1), 17)
case bitRange(dod, 20):
a.b.writeBits(0b1110, 4)
a.b.writeBits(uint64(dod)&((1<<20)-1), 20)
default:
a.b.writeBits(0b1111, 4)
a.b.writeBits(uint64(dod), 64)
}
a.writeVDelta(v)
a.tDelta = delta
}
a.t = t
a.v = v
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(a.b.stream, num+1)
}
// bitRange reports whether x fits in an nbits-wide two's-complement field.
func bitRange(x int64, nbits int) bool {
return -(1<<(nbits-1)) <= x && x < 1<<(nbits-1)
}
func (a *xorAppender) writeVDelta(v float64) {
xor := math.Float64bits(v) ^ math.Float64bits(a.v)
if xor == 0 {
a.b.writeBit(false)
return
}
a.b.writeBit(true)
leading := uint8(bits.LeadingZeros64(xor))
trailing := uint8(bits.TrailingZeros64(xor))
// Leading is stored in 5 bits; clamp so it fits.
if leading > 31 {
leading = 31
}
if a.leading != 0xff && leading >= a.leading && trailing >= a.trailing {
// New meaningful bits fit inside the previous window: reuse it.
a.b.writeBit(false)
a.b.writeBits(xor>>a.trailing, int(64-a.leading-a.trailing))
return
}
// New window.
a.leading, a.trailing = leading, trailing
a.b.writeBit(true)
a.b.writeBits(uint64(leading), 5)
// sigbits can be 64 only when leading == trailing == 0, which can't
// happen here (xor != 0 and both counted on the same word), so the
// 6-bit field always fits... except leading was clamped, so recompute
// from the clamped values.
sigbits := 64 - int(leading) - int(trailing)
a.b.writeBits(uint64(sigbits), 6)
a.b.writeBits(xor>>trailing, sigbits)
}
// Iterator decodes the chunk. Snapshot semantics: it reads the byte slice
// as it exists at creation; don't append concurrently.
func (c *XORChunk) Iterator() *xorIterator {
return &xorIterator{
br: newBReader(c.b.bytes()[2:]),
total: uint16(c.NumSamples()),
}
}
type xorIterator struct {
br bstreamReader
total uint16
read uint16
t int64
v float64
tDelta uint64
leading uint8
trailing uint8
err error
}
func (it *xorIterator) At() (int64, float64) {
return it.t, it.v
}
func (it *xorIterator) Err() error {
return it.err
}
func (it *xorIterator) Next() bool {
if it.err != nil || it.read >= it.total {
return false
}
switch it.read {
case 0:
t, err := it.br.readBits(64)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
v, err := it.br.readBits(64)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
it.t = int64(t)
it.v = math.Float64frombits(v)
case 1:
delta, err := it.br.readBits(14)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
it.tDelta = delta
it.t += int64(delta)
if !it.readVDelta() {
return false
}
default:
// Walk the prefix tree: count 1-bits unitl a 0 or four 1s.
var d byte
for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
bit, err := it.br.readBit()
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
if !bit {
break
}
d++
}
var dod int64
switch d {
case 0:
//dod == 0
case 1:
dod = it.readSigned(14)
case 2:
dod = it.readSigned(17)
case 3:
dod = it.readSigned(20)
case 4:
bits64, err := it.br.readBits(64)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
dod = int64(bits64)
}
if it.err != nil {
return false
}
it.tDelta = uint64(int64(it.tDelta) + dod)
it.t += int64(it.tDelta)
if !it.readVDelta() {
return false
}
}
it.read++
return true
}
// readSigned reads an nbits two's-complement field and sign-extends it.
func (it *xorIterator) readSigned(nbits int) int64 {
v, err := it.br.readBits(nbits)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return 0
}
return int64(v<<(64-uint(nbits))) >> (64 - uint(nbits))
}
func (it *xorIterator) readVDelta() bool {
bit, err := it.br.readBit()
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
if !bit {
// Value unchanged.
return true
}
bit, err = it.br.readBit()
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
if bit {
// New window.
l, err := it.br.readBits(5)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
s, err := it.br.readBits(6)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
// sigbits=64 overflows the 6-bit field to 0; unwrap it.
if s == 0 {
s = 64
}
it.leading = uint8(l)
it.trailing = uint8(64 - l - s)
}
sigbits := int(64 - it.leading - it.trailing)
xor, err := it.br.readBits(sigbits)
if err != nil {
it.err = err
return false
}
vbits := math.Float64bits(it.v)
vbits ^= xor << it.trailing
it.v = math.Float64frombits(vbits)
return true
}
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package chunkenc
import (
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"math"
"math/rand"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
// encodeChunk builds a valid XOR chunk from samples and returns its bytes.
func encodeChunk(samples [][2]float64) []byte {
c := NewXORChunk()
a, _ := c.Appender()
for _, s := range samples {
a.Append(int64(s[0]), s[1])
}
return append([]byte(nil), c.Bytes()...)
}
func TestXORChunk(t *testing.T) {
rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
type readOp struct {
wantNext bool
wantT int64
wantVBits uint64
}
type testCase struct {
name string
data []byte
reads []readOp
wantIterErr error
maxBytes int
wantAppenderErr error
}
nonEmptyErr := errors.New("chunkenc: appender on non-empty chunk")
// successReads: one successful read per sample, then a terminal Next()=false.
successReads := func(samples [][2]float64) []readOp {
ops := make([]readOp, len(samples)+1)
for i, s := range samples {
ops[i] = readOp{true, int64(s[0]), math.Float64bits(s[1])}
}
term := readOp{wantNext: false}
if len(samples) > 0 {
last := samples[len(samples)-1]
term.wantT = int64(last[0])
term.wantVBits = math.Float64bits(last[1])
}
ops[len(samples)] = term
return ops
}
// --- Build sample sets for named round-trip cases ---
adversarialVals := []float64{
math.NaN(), math.Inf(1), math.Inf(-1), 0, math.Copysign(0, -1),
math.MaxFloat64, math.SmallestNonzeroFloat64, -1e300,
}
adversarial := make([][2]float64, len(adversarialVals))
for i, v := range adversarialVals {
adversarial[i] = [2]float64{float64(1000 + i*15), v}
}
jitteryTimes := []int64{1000, 1015, 1030, 1031, 1500, 1501, 200000, 200015, 9000000000}
jittery := make([][2]float64, len(jitteryTimes))
for i, ts := range jitteryTimes {
jittery[i] = [2]float64{float64(ts), float64(i) * 1.1}
}
singleSample := [][2]float64{{1000, 71.3}}
repeatedValue := [][2]float64{{1000, 71.3}, {1015, 71.3}}
changedValue := [][2]float64{{1000, 71.3}, {1015, 71.4}}
traceSeq := [][2]float64{{1000, 71.3}, {1015, 71.3}, {1030, 71.4}, {1045, 71.4}}
tests := []testCase{
// --- Round-trip: encode then decode ---
{
name: "single_sample",
data: encodeChunk(singleSample),
reads: successReads(singleSample),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
name: "repeated_value",
data: encodeChunk(repeatedValue),
reads: successReads(repeatedValue),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
name: "changed_value",
data: encodeChunk(changedValue),
reads: successReads(changedValue),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
name: "trace_sequence",
data: encodeChunk(traceSeq),
reads: successReads(traceSeq),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: 30,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
name: "adversarial_values",
data: encodeChunk(adversarial),
reads: successReads(adversarial),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
name: "negative_and_jittery_dods",
data: encodeChunk(jittery),
reads: successReads(jittery),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
// --- Error paths: truncated or empty data ---
{
name: "zero_samples",
data: []byte{0, 0},
reads: []readOp{{false, 0, 0}},
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nil, // empty chunk, Appender succeeds
},
{
// Header claims 1 sample, no data after header.
// Case 0: readBits(64) for timestamp fails immediately.
name: "no_data_after_header",
data: []byte{0, 1},
reads: []readOp{{false, 0, 0}},
wantIterErr: ErrShortStream,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
// Header claims 1, only 4 bytes of data (partial timestamp).
// Case 0: readBits(64) for timestamp fails mid-read.
name: "truncated_first_timestamp",
data: func() []byte {
d := make([]byte, 6) // 2 header + 4 data
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, 1)
return d
}(),
reads: []readOp{{false, 0, 0}},
wantIterErr: ErrShortStream,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
// Header claims 1, full timestamp but only 4 bytes of value.
// Case 0: readBits(64) for value fails; it.t and it.v not set
// (assigned only after both reads succeed).
name: "truncated_first_value",
data: func() []byte {
d := make([]byte, 14) // 2 header + 8 timestamp + 4 partial value
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, 1)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[2:], uint64(1000))
return d
}(),
reads: []readOp{{false, 0, 0}},
wantIterErr: ErrShortStream,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
// Header claims 2, data for exactly 1 sample (16 bytes).
// Case 1: readBits(14) for delta fails (no data remains).
// At() returns last successful sample.
name: "truncated_second_delta",
data: func() []byte {
d := make([]byte, 18) // 2 header + 16 data = exactly 1 sample
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, 2)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[2:], uint64(1000))
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[10:], math.Float64bits(71.3))
return d
}(),
reads: []readOp{
{true, 1000, math.Float64bits(71.3)},
{false, 1000, math.Float64bits(71.3)},
},
wantIterErr: ErrShortStream,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
// Header claims 2. Data: 1 valid sample + 14-bit delta + value-changed(1) +
// new-window(1), then truncated before leading-zeros field.
// Case 1: delta succeeds (it.t updated), readVDelta fails inside
// new-window branch at readBits(5).
name: "truncated_second_vdelta",
data: func() []byte {
d := make([]byte, 20) // 2 header + 18 data bytes (144 bits)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, 2)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[2:], uint64(1000))
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[10:], math.Float64bits(71.3))
// Bits 128-141: 14-bit delta = 15 (0b00000000001111)
// Byte 18 (bits 128-135): 0x00
// Byte 19 (bits 136-143):
// 136-141 = bottom 6 bits of delta (001111)
// 142 = value-changed (1)
// 143 = new-window (1)
// = 0b00111111 = 0x3F
d[19] = 0x3F
return d
}(),
reads: []readOp{
{true, 1000, math.Float64bits(71.3)},
{false, 1015, math.Float64bits(71.3)}, // t advanced, v unchanged
},
wantIterErr: ErrShortStream,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
{
// Header claims 3. Data: 2 valid samples (same value, so sample 1
// is 14-bit delta + 1-bit value-unchanged = 15 bits). Total data =
// 143 bits in 18 bytes (1 padding bit). Sample 2 DoD prefix reads
// the padding zero (dod=0, t advances), then readVDelta fails.
name: "truncated_third_vdelta",
data: func() []byte {
d := make([]byte, 20) // 2 header + 18 data (144 bits)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(d, 3)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[2:], uint64(1000))
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(d[10:], math.Float64bits(71.3))
// Bits 128-141: 14-bit delta = 15
// Bit 142: value-unchanged (0)
// Bit 143: padding (0)
// Byte 18 = 0x00, Byte 19 = 0b00111100 = 0x3C
d[19] = 0x3C
return d
}(),
reads: []readOp{
{true, 1000, math.Float64bits(71.3)},
{true, 1015, math.Float64bits(71.3)},
{false, 1030, math.Float64bits(71.3)}, // dod=0 decoded from padding, vdelta fails
},
wantIterErr: ErrShortStream,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
},
}
// Random walk round-trip cases.
for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
var samples [][2]float64
ts, v := int64(rnd.Intn(1e6)), rnd.Float64()*100
for j := 0; j < 120; j++ {
samples = append(samples, [2]float64{float64(ts), v})
ts += 15000 + int64(rnd.Intn(100)) - 50
v += rnd.Float64() - 0.5
}
tests = append(tests, testCase{
name: fmt.Sprintf("random_walk_%03d", i),
data: encodeChunk(samples),
reads: successReads(samples),
wantIterErr: nil,
maxBytes: math.MaxInt,
wantAppenderErr: nonEmptyErr,
})
}
for _, tc := range tests {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
c := &XORChunk{b: bstream{stream: tc.data}}
it := c.Iterator()
for i, r := range tc.reads {
next := it.Next()
gotT, gotV := it.At()
assert.Equal(t, r.wantNext, next, "read %d Next()", i)
assert.Equal(t, r.wantT, gotT, "read %d timestamp", i)
assert.Equal(t, r.wantVBits, math.Float64bits(gotV), "read %d value", i)
}
assert.Equal(t, tc.wantIterErr, it.Err())
assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(tc.data), tc.maxBytes)
_, appErr := c.Appender()
assert.Equal(t, tc.wantAppenderErr, appErr)
})
}
}
func FuzzXORIterator(f *testing.F) {
c := NewXORChunk()
a, _ := c.Appender()
a.Append(1000, 71.3)
a.Append(1015, 71.4)
f.Add(c.Bytes())
f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
if len(data) < 2 {
return
}
chunk := &XORChunk{b: bstream{stream: data}}
it := chunk.Iterator()
for it.Next() {
}
// Termination without panic is the only assertion.
})
}
// benchChunk fills a chunk with 120 samples from gen and returns it.
func benchChunk(gen func(i int) float64) *XORChunk {
c := NewXORChunk()
a, _ := c.Appender()
ts := int64(0)
for i := 0; i < 120; i++ {
a.Append(ts, gen(i))
ts += 15000
}
return c
}
func BenchmarkAppend(b *testing.B) {
rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
vals := make([]float64, 120)
v := 70.0
for i := range vals {
vals[i] = v
v += rnd.Float64() - 0.5
}
b.ReportAllocs()
b.ResetTimer()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
c := NewXORChunk()
a, _ := c.Appender()
ts := int64(0)
for j := 0; j < 120; j++ {
a.Append(ts, vals[j])
ts += 15000
}
}
b.ReportMetric(float64(b.N*120)/b.Elapsed().Seconds(), "appends/sec")
}
func TestBytesPerSample(t *testing.T) {
rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(42))
tests := []struct {
name string
max float64
gen func(i int) float64
}{
{"constant", 0.5, func(i int) float64 { return 71.3 }},
{"stepped_sensor", 3.0, func(i int) float64 {
return 70 + math.Floor(float64(i)/8)*0.1
}},
{"integer_counter", 3.0, func(i int) float64 {
return float64(1000 + i*3)
}},
{"full_precision_walk", 10.0, func(i int) float64 {
return 70 + rnd.NormFloat64()
}},
}
for _, tc := range tests {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
c := benchChunk(tc.gen)
bps := float64(len(c.Bytes())) / 120.0
t.Logf("%s: %.3f bytes/sample (%d bytes total)", tc.name, bps, len(c.Bytes()))
assert.LessOrEqual(t, bps, tc.max, "%s bytes/sample exceeds ceiling", tc.name)
})
}
}